ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the anti Candida activity of Hyptis martiusii decoction and its major compound, caffeic acid alone or in the presence of fluconazole, as well as their cytotoxic effect. Methods: The decoction was characterized using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector. For the antifungal activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the potential effect of the decoction with the fluconazole were evaluated by microdilution method using 96-well microtiter trays. The osmotic fragility test was performed using erythrocytes under saline stress. All tests were performed in triplicate. Results: The chemical characterization of the decoction was performed by high performance liquid chromatography and revealed the presence of seven compounds, including caffeic acid as major constituent. The antifungal tests demonstrated that both decoction (DHm) and caffeic acid obtained from Hyptis martiusii presented MIC and MFC ≥ 4096 μg/mL against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis strains. However, in the presence of fluconazole, DHm and caffeic acid presented IC
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the anti Candida activity of Hyptis martiusii decoction and its major compound, caffeic acid alone or in the presence of fluconazole, as well as their cytotoxic effect. Methods: The decoction was characterized using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector. For the antifungal activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the potential effect of the decoction with the fluconazole were evaluated by microdilution method using 96-well microtiter trays. The osmotic fragility test was performed using erythrocytes under saline stress. All tests were performed in triplicate. Results: The chemical characterization of the decoction was performed by high performance liquid chromatography and revealed the presence of seven compounds, including caffeic acid as major constituent. The antifungal tests demonstrated that both decoction (DHm) and caffeic acid obtained from Hyptis martiusii presented MIC and MFC ≥ 4096 μg/mL against Candidaalbicans and Candida tropicalis strains. However, in the presence of fluconazole, DHm and caffeic acid presented IC50 of 2.60 and 2.53 μg/mL respectively, demonstrating significant synergistic effects against Candida strains. The modulator activity of DHm might be due to the presence of caffeic acid. Moreover, DHm and caffeic acid did not cause significant hemolytic effects, indicating that they present low cytotoxicity. Conclusions: These data indicate that DHm potentiates the activity of the fluconazole, without enhancement of the toxicity, encouraging further toxicological, pharmacological and phytochemical studies to provide consistent evidence of the potential of this plant to be used in drug development.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Introdução: a espécie Hyptis martiusii Benth, comumente chamada de "cidrera del campo", têm múltiplas propriedades biológicas, como ser inseticida, antifúngica e anti-inflamatória. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a atividade moduladora do óleo essencial das folhas frescas de Hyptis martiusii em associação com diferentes antibióticos contra as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e avaliar a atividade citotóxica da espécie. Materiais e métodos: o estudo utilizou a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) como uma forma de avaliar a modulação com uma inoculação de 100 microlitros de cada estirpe bacteriana. As provas de citotoxicidade se realizaram mediante cultivo in vitro de células do tecido conectivo de camundongo (fibroblastos de mamíferos). Resultados: a pesquisa demonstrou que o óleo essencial das folhas de Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) apresenta sinergismo só em associação com os antibióticos gentamicina e imipenem contra as bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli. No entanto, apresenta antagonismo em associação com amicacina, gentamicina e imipenem contra as três bactérias estudadas. Para além da ciprofloxacina não demonstrou resultados relevantes. Em relação com a atividade citotóxica, a concentração letal média (LC50) expôs um valor de 263,12 [ig/ml. Conclusão: finalmente, revelou-se que a H. martiusii apresenta atividade citotóxica sinérgica contra as bactérias avaliadas.
Resumen Introducción: la especie Hyptis martiusii Benth, comúnmente llamada "cidreira do campo", tiene múltiples propiedades biológicas, como ser insecticida, antifúngica y antiinflamatoria. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la actividad moduladora del aceite esencial de las hojas frescas de Hyptis martiusii en asociación con diferentes antibióticos contra las bacterias Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, y evaluar la actividad citotóxica de la especie. Materiales y métodos: el estudio utilizó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) como una forma de evaluar la modulación con una inoculación de 100 microlitros de cada cepa bacteriana. Las pruebas de citotoxicidad se realizaron mediante cultivo in vitro de células de tejido conectivo de ratón (fibroblastos de mamíferos). Resultados: la investigación demostró que el aceite esencial de las hojas de Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) presenta sinergismo solo en asociación con los antibióticos gentamicina e imipenem contra las bacterias Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Escherichia coli. Sin embargo, presenta antagonismo en asociación con amikacina, gentamicina e imipenem contra las tres bacterias estudiadas. Además de la ciprofloxacina, no demostró resultados relevantes. En relación con la actividad citotóxica, la concentración letal media (CL50) exhibió un valor de 263,12 [ig/ml. Conclusión: finalmente, se reveló que la H. martiusii presenta actividad citotóxica sinérgica contra las bacterias evaluadas.
Abstract Introduction: The species Hyptis martiusii Benth. commonly called "cidreira do campo" has multiple biological properties, such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and insecticide. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulating activity of the essential oil of the fresh leaves of Hyptis martiusii in association with different antibiotics against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as also the cytotoxic activity of this species. Materials and methods: The study used the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) as a way of assessing the modulation using an inoculation of 100 microliters of each bacterial strain. The cytotoxicity tests were conducted using in vitro culture of mouse connective tissue cells (fibroblasts of mammals). Results: The research demonstrated that the essential oil from leaves of Hyptis martiusii Benth (OEHM) presented synergism only when associated with the antibiotics gentamicin and imipenem against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. However, it presented antagonism in association with amikacin, gentamicin and imipenem against the three studied bacteria. In addition to the ciprofloxacin showed no relevant results. In relation to the cytotoxic activity the lethal concentration (LC50) exhibited a value of 263.12 [ig/ml. Conclusion: Ultimately it was established, that H. Martiusii presents a synergistic cytotoxic activity against the evaluated bacteria.
Subject(s)
Humans , Hyptis , Biological Products , Oils, Volatile , Ciprofloxacin , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
The antibacterial and synergistic activity of the ethanol extract from Hyptis martiusii Benth. was assayed by microdillution. The growth of two isolates of Escherichia coli tested was inhibited by the extract. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) values ranged from 512 and >1024 μg/ml for the E. coli 27 and 1024 and > 1024 μg/ml for the E. coli ATCC8539, respectively. A synergism between this extract and all aminoglycosides assayed was demonstrated. In the same form synergism between chlorpromazine and kanamycin, amikacin and tobramycin was observed, indicating the involvement of an effl ux system. Extracts from H. martiusii could be used as a source of plant derived natural products with modifying antibiotic activity and these products may interact and affect multidrug resistance systems (MDR) as efflux pumps.
Subject(s)
Amikacin/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Chlorpromazine/metabolism , Drug Synergism , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Hyptis/chemistry , Indicator Dilution Techniques , Kanamycin/metabolism , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Tobramycin/metabolismABSTRACT
This is the first report about the antibacterial activity of Hyptis martiusii Benth. In this study the ethanol extract of H. martiusii was tested for its antimicrobial activity against strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The growth of all bacterial strains tested was inhibited by the extract. The diameter of inhibition zones varied from 13 to 20 mm for the extract. The MIC and MBC values ranged from 128 to > 1024mg/mL and 256 to > 1024 mg/mL, respectively. It is therefore suggested that extracts from H. martiusii could be used as an anti-Staphylococcus agent. Compared with methicillin and gentamicin, the extract was more effective, being a promising antibacterial agent.
Este é o primeiro relato de atividade antibacteriana de Hyptis martiusii Benth. Neste estudo, o extrato etanólico de H. martiusii foi avaliado para atividade antimicrobiana contra linhagens de Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus. O crescimento de todas as bactérias testadas foi inibido pelo extrato. O diâmetro das zonas de inibição variaram de 13 - 20 mm. Os valores da CIM e CBM variaram de 128 a > 1024 mg/mL e 256 a > 1024 mg/mL, respectivamente. Devido a isso, podemos indicar que o extrato etanólico de H. martiusii pode ser usado como um agente anti-Staphylococcus. Quando comparado com outros antibióticos como meticilina e gentamicina, o extrato foi mais efetivo, demonstrando ser um promissor agente antibacteriano.
ABSTRACT
O interesse pelos bioensaios frente à larvas de Aedes aegypti e Culex quinquefasciatus deve-se ao fato de que estas espécies estão distribuídas por todo o território nacional, sendo portanto uma atividade realizada por inúmeros pesquisadores do Brasil. Os óleos essenciais de Syzigium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry, Lippia sidoides Cham.,e Hyptis martiusii Benth.,foram testados no combate ao transmissor da dengue e da filariose. As larvas de terceiro estádio foram expostas em triplicatas a diferentes concentrações (1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, 25 e 10 ppm). As análises foram observadas após dez minutos do início do tratamento, e mostraram resultados bastante significativos, com potencialidade de mortalidade de até 100 por cento das larvas testadas, indicando acentuados efeitos tóxicos de alguns constituintes voláteis presentes nos óleos. Para os óleos de S. aromaticum, L. sidoides e H. martiusii foram constatadas, frente à Aedes aegypti, valores respectivos de CL50 de 21,4; 19,5 e 18,5 ppm e frente ao Culex quinquefasciatus, 14,5; 16,6 e 27,5 ppm, respectivamente.
The interest for a biological assay against larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus is due to the fact that these species are distributed by the whole national territory, being therefore an activity carried out by countless researchers of Brazil. The essential oils of Syzigium aromaticum, Hyptis martiusii and Lippia sidoides were tested in the combat of the transmitter of the dengue and of the filariosis, using larvae of third stadium were exposed in triplicate to different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, 25 and 10 ppm). The larvicidal activity was observed after ten minutes of the beginning of the treatment, in the end showed very significant results, with mortality potentials of up to 100 percent of the tested larvae, indicating accentuated toxical effects in some representatives of the volatile compounds present in the oils. For the oils of S. aromaticum, L. sidoides and H. martiusii DL50 of 1,0; 1,0 and 8,0 ppm, respectively, were observed.